Mountains of Indonesia

Countries of Asia: Indonesia^‡
‡: partly located in Asia

Ring of Fire, showing the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the Pacific Region

Map of Indonesian volcanoes

Indonesia has the world's most active volcanoes and many other mountains. These mountains sit on the Ring of Fire, and predominantly found in the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands, and outlying islands near Maluku, with the islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi largely devoid of volcanoes and high altitude mountains.

There are more than 500 volcanoes, 126 are active, 70 of them erupted in recent years. Sumatra has ~30 active volcanoes, Java ~35, Lesser Nusa Tenggara ~30, while Maluku and northern Sulawesi islands have ~34 volcanic islands and underwater volcanoes. These volcanoes together have around 5 millions people living around them.

Quality and featured images

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  Mahameru volcano
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  Mount Bromo at sunrise, showing its volcanoes and Mount Semeru (background)
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  Mount Baluran

Mountains of Java

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  Semeru, the highest mountain in Java, with it's highest point, Mahameru
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  Semeru 2004, one of three most active volcanoes in Java
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  Merapi, the most active volcano in the world
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  Merapi (1845 litograph)
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  Merapi (1845)
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  Merapi (1856)
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  Mount Merapi in 2014
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  Merapi from Merbabu
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  Merbabu, together with Merapi, are the most famous twin mountains of Java
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  Merbabu
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  Merbabu from Salatiga
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  Merapi eruption 1994 from outer space
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  Ijen volcano
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  Tangkuban Parahu
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  Galunggung
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  Galunggung eruption 1982
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  Galunggung eruption 1982
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  Papandayan
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  Papandayan
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  Mount Andong
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  Anjasmara
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  Argapura
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  Arjuna and Welirang
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  Arjuna (1872 litograph)
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  Batok
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  Batok (front) and Bromo (back, smoking)
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  Panorama of Tengger Caldera, featuring Mount Bromo, Semeru, Batok, Widodaren, and Kursi
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  Bisma
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  Butak
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  Ceremai (Cermé)
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  Ceremai
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  Cikuray
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  Gede
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  Gede (1856)
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  Pangrango (left) and Gede (right)
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  Guntur
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  Guntur (1856)
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  Ijen
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  Mounts Kawi, Butak, and Panderman
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  Kawi (litograpoh 1865)
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  Mount Karang
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  Kelud, one of three most active volcanoes in Java
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  Kelud
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  Kelud eruption 1951
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  Lawu
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  Lawu from Surakarta
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  Lemongan
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  Lemongan (1852)
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  Malabar
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  Manglayang
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  Muria, 1676
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  Muria, 1900s
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  Panderman
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  Parangro
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  Parangro (1882)
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  Patuha
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  Patuha (1856)
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  Penanggungan
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  Pulosari
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  Mount Putri
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  Raung
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  Raung
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  Raung
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  Raung
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  Mount Salak and Halimun
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  Sawal
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  Sindara
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  Sindara
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  Sindara and Sumbing
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  Sumbing from Sindara
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  Sumbing
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  Sumbing (1856)
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  Merbabu, Merapi, and Sumbing
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  Slamet
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  Tampomas
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  Tangkuban Parahu
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  Mount Talaga Bodas
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  Merbabu and Telamaya
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  Mount Tilu
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  Ungaran
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  Mount Wayang and Windu
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  Mount Wayang

Mountains of Sumatra

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  Kerinci, highest mountain in Sumatra
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  Dempo
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  Marapi (not to be confused with Merapi of Java
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  Geureudong
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  Singgalang
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  Singgalang
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  Peuet Sague
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  Talakmau
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  Mount Talang
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  Tandikat and Singgalang
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  Mount Sago
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  Seulawaih Agam
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  Sorikmarapi
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  Mount Ranai
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  Mount Kunyit (Jambi)
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  Mount Kunyit (Lampung)
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  Sinabung

Mountains of Lesser Sunda Islands

Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara

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  Rinjani, highest mountain in these islands
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  Rinjani eruption 1994
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  Mount Agung, Bali
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  Agung eruption 2017
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  Mount Abang
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  Mount Kelimutu, Flores
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  Inierie
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  Ebulobo
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  Sangeang
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  Batur
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  Egon
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  Paluweh
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  Ilimuda
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  Iliboleng
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  Iliwerung
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  Batutara
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  Inelika
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  Mount Iya
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  Kelinabe
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  Belirang-Beriti
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  Masurai

Mountains of Papua

Mountains in Papua are generally non-volcanic

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  Puncak Jaya, highest mountain in Indonesia
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  Puncak Trikora
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  Puncak Mandala
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  Puncak Sumantri (center) and Ngga Pulu (right)
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  Cartenz Timur, atau Puncak Jayawijaya
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  Dafonsoro

Mountains in other islands

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  Mount Gamalama
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  Mount Gamalama
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  Colo eruption 1983
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  Mount Awu
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  Mount Api
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  Soputan and Manimporok
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  Lokon
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  Lokon eruption 2011
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  Tilu
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  Mahawu
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  Klabat
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  Wurlali
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  Nila
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  Banda
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  Dukono
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  Mount Ibu
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  Gamkonora
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  Jailolo
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  Makian
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  Mount Kaba in Kalimantan

Supervulcan

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 6 and above

Mount Krakatoa 1883 (VEI 6)

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  Krakatoa eruption lithograph
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  Anak Krakatau (volcano island) created after the Krakatoa explosion
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  Anak Krakatau
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  Mount Rakata, one of the surviving volcano near Krakatoa
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  Featured in an old Indonesian banknote

Mount Tambora 1815 (VEI 7)

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  Caldera Mt Tambora, Sumbawa
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  Mount Tambora Volcano, Sumbawa
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  Panorama Mount Tambora caldera

Mount Toba (VEI 8) - erupted many thousand years ago, only leaving Lake Toba after it's violent explosion. Nowadays there is no mountain/volcano in this area.

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  Illustration of what the Toba eruption might have looked like around 42 km above northern Sumatra.
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  Lake Toba
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  Samosir Island, an island in the middle of the lake
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  Old Indonesian banknote depicting Lake Toba

Active volcanoes

Sinabung (never erupted before), recently erupted several times in 2010, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 2021. This is seen to be related to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

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  Sinabung
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  Sinabung eruption 2014
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  Sinabung Volcano Eruption 2018 from satellite
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  Sinabung eruption 2019

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  Merapi, the most active volcano in the world
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  Merapi (1845 litograph)
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  Merapi eruption 1994 from outer space

Mountain range

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  Bukit Barisan
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  Bukit Barisan volcano range in Sumatra
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  Dieng Plateau in Java (1856)
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  Menoreh Mountains in Java
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  Meratus mountains in Kalimantan
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  Arfak mountains in Papua
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  Star mountains, satellite image, bordering Indonesia and PNG
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  Star mountains, from the PNG side
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  Tamrau mountains
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  Sudirman range, home of Grassberg mine and open pit, containing largest known gold reserve in the world

Other

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  A very common painting motif among schoolchildren in Indonesia, depicting two of many mountains in Indonesia
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  3D map of Mount Ijen

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